2-Digit by 1-Digit Multiplication

Practise multiplying a two-digit number by a single digit — the first real step into multi-digit multiplication and carrying.

Grade 4 · 4.NBT⚡ Multi-digit fluency
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How to multiply a 2-digit number by 1 digit

This is the first place children combine their times-table facts with place value. The method is short, but it relies completely on quick recall of the facts — so it is worth making sure the tables are solid first.

  1. Multiply the ones digit of the top number by the single digit.
  2. If that product is 10 or more, write the ones digit underneath and carry the tens digit.
  3. Multiply the tens digit by the single digit, then add the carried number.
  4. Write that result to the left of the first digit — done.

Worked examples

With carrying47 × 6 — 6×7 = 42, write 2 and carry 4. Then 6×4 = 24, plus the carried 4 = 28. Answer: 282.
A second one68 × 7 — 7×8 = 56, write 6 and carry 5. Then 7×6 = 42, plus 5 = 47. Answer: 476.
AD AREA (parent reading zone only — never shown during practice)

Tips & common mistakes

Keep the digits lined up by place value, and say the carried number out loud so it is not forgotten. A quick estimate catches big slips: 47×6 is about 50×6 = 300, so an answer of 282 looks right — but 92 or 1,800 clearly would not.

  • Forgetting to add the carry to the tens product — the single most common error.
  • Carrying but then forgetting to write the carried digit at the end.
  • Shaky tables — if the facts are slow, this method feels hard; practise facts first.

Frequently asked questions

What is regrouping or carrying?

When a column’s product is 10 or more, you write its ones digit and carry the tens digit into the next column to add on.

What grade is 2-digit by 1-digit multiplication?

It is typically introduced in grade 4, once the times tables are fairly fluent.

Should my child know the times tables first?

Yes — this method is the tables plus place value, so quick fact recall makes it much smoother.

How can we check the answer?

Estimate by rounding: 47×6 ≈ 50×6 = 300. If the real answer is nowhere near the estimate, something went wrong.

Is the expanded (partial products) method okay too?

Yes — splitting 47×6 into 40×6 + 7×6 gives the same answer and helps some kids understand why the standard method works.

Keep practising

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