NCERT Mathematics, Class 10, textbook pages 202–217

How to help your child with Class 10 Maths Chapter 14, Probability, at home

Theoretical probability, explained for parents: a 45-minute study session, a quick challenge, a 5-day plan and the mistakes to watch for.

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NCERT Class 10 Maths Chapter 14 Probability: what it teaches

Your teen calculates theoretical probability of events with coins, dice, cards and bags, uses complementary events, and solves problems carefully listing outcomes.

Why it matters later. Probability continues in Classes 11 and 12 with permutations and conditional probability.

See it: this chapter in pictures

234567345678456789567891067891011789101112sum 7: 6 of 36 → 1/6
36 outcomes; six give 7.
P(red king) = 2/52= 1/26P(not ace) = 48/52
Know the deck: 52 cards.
3 coins: 8 outcomesat least 2 heads: HHT, HTH, THH, HHHP = 4/8 = ½
List all outcomes.

You need

  • 2 dice
  • a pack of cards
  • coins

Tonight’s 45 minutes

  1. List all outcomes of rolling two dice (36). Probability of sum 7? (6/36)
  2. From a deck, P(red king)? (2/52)
  3. P(not an ace) using complements (48/52).
  4. Toss 3 coins: P(at least two heads)? (4/8)

Words to use

  • outcome
  • event
  • sample space
  • complementary
  • equally likely

Watch for

  • Missing outcomes in lists. Use a table or tree diagram.
  • Probability over 1 or negative. Check it lies between 0 and 1.

What it sounds like at home

A short example of the conversation. Your words will differ; the questions are what matter.

YouSum of 7 with two dice?

Your child6 ways out of 36: 1/6.

A game for this week: Dice sum bets

  1. Each player picks a target sum.
  2. Roll two dice 36 times.
  3. Count hits.
  4. Compare with theoretical chances.

A 5-day plan, 45 minutes a day

  1. Day 1Explain-back.
  2. Day 2Worked examples.
  3. Day 3Practice set.
  4. Day 4Real-life problem.
  5. Day 5Mixed quiz.

Everyday moments to practise

  • Games and lotteries.
  • Weather chances.
  • Quality testing.
  • Insurance.

Quick check

Ask these at the end of the week. Tap to see the answer.

P(sum 7 with two dice)?

1/6.

P(red king)?

1/26.

P(at least two heads in 3 tosses)?

1/2.

Ready for the next chapter when your child…

  • Lists sample spaces accurately.
  • Calculates probabilities.
  • Uses complements.

Activities, wording and illustrations are Mathify Kids’ own, following the topics of NCERT’s Mathematics (Class 10). See the full Class 10 parent guide for every chapter.

Questions parents ask

What is theoretical probability?

Favourable outcomes ÷ total equally likely outcomes.

What are complementary events?

Event and its opposite: P(E) + P(not E) = 1.

How many cards in a deck and their types?

52: 4 suits of 13, 26 red, 26 black, 12 face cards.